KIZILDENIZ-International Relations

International Relations

What is the specialty of International Relations:

International Relations (IR), International Affairs (IA), or International Studies (IS) is the scientific study of interactions between sovereign states. In a broader sense, it concerns all activities between states - such as war, diplomacy, trade and foreign policy - and relations with and between other international actors, such as intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), international non-governmental organizations (INGOs), international legal bodies and multinational corporations (MNCs).

International relations is widely considered a sub-discipline of political science. However, international relations are highly dependent on international economics, international law, world history, and cultural anthropology. In the United States, IR is often a sub-field within political science departments, but some academic institutions characterize it as independent or interdisciplinary.

While international politics has been analyzed over much of history, international relations did not emerge as a separate field until the turn of the twentieth century, initially as an extension of political science; It was first recognized as a major of its own in 1919 when it was introduced as an undergraduate major by Aberystwyth University in the United Kingdom. Over the next decade, similar studies were established at the University of Oxford and the London School of Economics, which led to the University of Oxford and the London School of Economics. An opportunity to develop its independence and visibility.

After World War II, international relations flourished in importance and scholarship—particularly in North America and Western Europe partly in response to Cold War geostrategic concerns. The collapse of the Soviet Union and the subsequent emergence of globalization in the late twentieth century gave rise to new theories and assessments of the rapidly changing international system [clarification needed]. In the twenty-first century, as the links between states have gradually become more complex and multifaceted, international relations have been integrated into other fields, such as economics, law and history, resulting in a converging and interdisciplinary field.

History of the International Relations specialization:

International Relations studies began thousands of years ago; Barry Buzan and Richard Little considered the interaction of the ancient Sumerian city-states, starting in 3500 BC, the first integrated international system, and analyzes of the foreign policies of the sovereign city-states were made in antiquity, as in the case of Thucydides' analysis of the causes of the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta, as well as by Niccol Machiavelli in his work The Prince, where he analyzes the foreign policy of the Renaissance city-state in Florence. However, the contemporary field of international relations analyzes the links that exist between sovereign nation-states. This makes the establishment of the modern state system the natural starting point for the history of international relations.

The creation of modern sovereign states as basic political units dates back to the 1648 Peace of Westphalia in Europe. During the earlier Middle Ages, the European organization of political power was based on an ambiguous hierarchical religious system. Contrary to popular belief, Westphalia still embodies multi-layered systems of sovereignty, particularly within the Holy Roman Empire. The Treaty of Utrecht of 1713 is believed to reflect an emerging norm that sovereignty has no internal equivalent within a specific territory. There are no external chiefs as the ultimate authority within the boundaries of territorial sovereignty. These principles underpin the modern international legal and political order.

The period approximately 1500 to 1789 saw the emergence of independent sovereign states, pluralism, and the institutionalization of diplomacy and the military. The French Revolution contributed to the idea that the citizens of a country, defined as the nation, were sovereign, not a monarch or noble classes. Hence the state in which the nation enjoys sovereignty may be called a nation-state, as opposed to a monarchy or a religious state; The term republic became increasingly synonymous with it. An alternative model of the nation-state was developed as a reaction to the concept of the French Republic by the Germans and others, who, instead of giving the supremacy of citizenship, retained princes and nobility, but defined the nation-state in ethnolinguistic terms, establishing the rarely fully attained principle that all persons who speak a language One must belong to only one state. The same claim to sovereignty was made for both forms of the nation-state. In Europe today, there are few nations that conform to either definition of the nation-state: many remain monarchical sovereign states, and hardly any state is ethnically homogeneous.

The special European system that assumed sovereign equality of states was exported to the Americas, Africa and Asia through colonialism and the "standards of civilization". The contemporary international order was finally established through decolonization during the Cold War. However, this is somewhat exaggerated. While the nation-state system is considered "modern", many countries have not incorporated this system and it is called "pre-modern".

Official portraits of King Władysław IV dressed in French, Spanish, and Polish costumes reflect the complex politics of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth during the Thirty Years' War.

Moreover, a handful of states have gone beyond the insistence on full sovereignty and can be considered "postmodern". The ability of contemporary IR discourse to explain the relationships between these different types of states is disputed

“Levels of Analysis” is a way of looking at the international system, which includes the individual level, the local state as a unit, the international level for transnational and intergovernmental affairs, and the global level.

What was explicitly recognized as international relations theory was only developed after World War I, and is covered in more detail below. However, IR theory has a long tradition of drawing on the work of other social sciences. The use of capital letters in the letters "I" and "R" in international relations is intended to distinguish the academic discipline of international relations from the phenomena of international relations. Many cite Sun Tzu's The Art of War (6th century BC), Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War (5th century BC), and Arthashastra of Chanakya (4th century BC), with Leviathan for Hobbes and Machiavelli the Prince. Provide more detail.

Likewise, liberalism builds on the work of Kant and Rousseau, with the work of the former often cited as the first development of democratic peace theory. Although contemporary human rights differ greatly from the kind of rights envisaged under natural law, Francisco de Vitoria, Hugo Grotius, and John Locke provided the first accounts of the universal entitlement of certain rights on the basis of common humanity. In the twentieth century, as well as contemporary theories of international liberalism

The importance of studying the specialty of International Relations:

Our world can do with more love and care right now. From war to poverty, deforestation to epidemics, we live in difficult times and face perverse challenges.

The world needs people who are ambitious and want to make a positive impact. Studying international relations is a great way to gain a deeper understanding of global issues. It is an interesting and important topic that places great emphasis on economics, culture, education, and political science and examines their impact on society. You will also learn how and why countries, governments, and individuals respond accordingly to such issues.

You enjoy discussing and participating in difficult issues

Having the conscious ability to hold a strong and balanced argument, especially in the world of international relations, is critical.

Deliberate misinformation and fake news fragment communities and advance potentially dangerous agendas. This is why we need people who can speak out against it and speak up for those who can't.

Want to make a difference in the world

It is important to remember that international relations is not only about politics. International relations is about gaining a multicultural understanding and awareness of what is happening beyond borders.

Those who study international relations tend to be individuals with a passion for fighting injustice, as well as learning from history regarding what works and what doesn't when it comes to living in a single global community.

It is a great starting point for your career

Depending on your experiences, interests, and aspirations, career opportunities related to international relations in the private, public and not-for-profit sectors are abundant.

If you are specifically looking for a job in government, you may want to reach out and consider a role in security or intelligence. Working in government doesn't always have to be bureaucratic - it can be a great way to get involved in international relations projects.

While working for an NGO tends to offer more flexibility and hands-on work, salaries can be lower.

Whatever role you pursue, you will have the skills and knowledge ready to implement positive change

The unique skill set you develop will be in high demand

International Relations courses: