KIZILDENIZ-Sport and Disability Exercise

Sport and Disability Exercise

What is the specialty of Sport and Disability Exercise:

Sports specialization is commonly defined as year-round participation in one sport, often to the exclusion of others. Research in the sports discipline has expanded significantly over the past few years. A recent PubMed search using the search term Mathematical Specialization showed that approximately 195 articles were published in the past six years alone (2012 - 2018). This is equivalent to the number of articles published during the previous 57 years (1954-2011, n = 199). Youth sports have changed dramatically since 1954 and perhaps dramatically in the past twenty years, with the rise of club sports and the decline of physical education curricula in schools.

Physical activity in children is beneficial because activity improves their immediate overall health, there appears to be a biological transition into adulthood, where active children have better cardiovascular and bone health as adults, and there appears to be a behavioral transition into adulthood where active children are more likely to be active adults. As a result, participation in sports is likely to be associated with positive long-term health effects in children, and a lower disease burden associated with disease associated with physical inactivity. In addition, there are many well-documented positive outcomes of sports participation outside of the physical activity. These improvements include, among other things, improved self-esteem, discipline, and academic performance. Familiarity with goal setting and teamwork; and less involvement in risky behavior

History of Sport and Disability Exercise Specialization:

We all know the importance of exercise. Although there are different ways to exercise, exercise is movement. Some walk, some work at a job, some do housework, some take care of the kids, some travel, some do different sports. Thus, we all exercise in some way in our daily routine. This of course includes persons with physical disabilities.

Sports for people with physical disabilities have been around for more than a hundred years. For example, it is known that the first sports clubs for people with hearing impairments were established in Berlin in 1888. Sports clubs for people with physical disabilities increased after World War II. The reason for this increase is to help veterans and civilians who were injured during the war.

In 1944, Dr. Ludwig Guttmann opened a center for spinal cord injury patients at Stoke Mandeville Hospital in England. Here the rehabilitation sport was transformed into a recreational sport and then into a competitive sport.

On July 29, 1948, on the opening day of the 1948 London Olympics, Dr. Guttmann organized the first competition for wheelchair athletes and named it the Stoke Mandeville Games. With the participation of Dutch veterans in the movement in 1952, the Stoke Mandeville International Games began. These games were called the Paralympic Games, which were held in 1960 in Rome, the capital of Italy, with the participation of 400 athletes from 23 countries. Since then, the data has been worked out every four years. In 1976, the first Winter Games in the history of the Paralympic Games were held in Sweden, and they are still held every four years. Thus began organizing the Paralympics. This showed the whole world that people with physical disabilities can play sports.

The importance of studying the specialty of Sport and Disability Exercise:

The unique ability of sport to transcend language, cultural and social barriers makes it an excellent platform for inclusion and adaptation strategies. Moreover, the global popularity of the sport and its benefits for physical, social and economic development make it an ideal tool for promoting the inclusion and well-being of persons with disabilities.

People with disabilities often face societal barriers and disability causes negative perceptions and discrimination in many societies. As a result of the stigma associated with disability, people with disabilities are generally excluded from education, work, and community life, depriving them of basic opportunities for their social development, health and well-being. In some societies, people with disabilities are considered dependent and seen as incapable, reinforcing inactivity that often causes individuals with physical disabilities to have movement restrictions beyond the cause of their disability.

Sport can help reduce the stigma and discrimination associated with a disability because it can change society's attitudes toward people with disabilities by highlighting their skills and reducing the tendency to see the disability rather than the person. Through sport, non-disabled people interact with people with disabilities in a positive context that forces them to re-shape assumptions about what people with disabilities can and cannot do.

Sport changes the disabled person in an equally profound way by enabling people with disabilities to achieve their full potential and by advocating for changes in society. Through sports, people with disabilities acquire vital social skills, develop their independence, and are able to act as agents of change. Sport teaches individuals how to

communicate effectively as well as the importance of teamwork, cooperation, and respect for others. Sport is also well suited for reducing dependency and developing greater independence by helping people with disabilities to become physically stronger and mentally. These skills can be transferred to other new areas including business and advocacy which helps build self-sufficiency.

The power of sport as a transformative tool is of particular interest to women because women with disabilities often experience double discrimination on the basis of their gender and disability. It is reported that 93% of women with disabilities do not participate in sports and that women represent only a third of athletes with disabilities in international competitions. By giving women with disabilities the opportunity to compete and demonstrate their physical ability, sport can help reduce gender stereotypes and negative perceptions associated with women with disabilities.

Moreover, by improving the inclusion and well-being of people with disabilities, sport can also help advance the Millennium Development Goals. For example, sport-based opportunities can help achieve the goal of Universal Primary Education (MDG2) by reducing the stigma that prevents children with disabilities from attending school; Promote gender equality (Millennium Development Goal 3) by enabling women and girls with disabilities to gain health information, skills, social networks and leadership experience; It leads to higher employment and lower levels of poverty and hunger (MDG 1) by helping to reduce stigma and increase self-confidence.

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is the first legally binding international instrument that addresses the rights of persons with disabilities and sport. Article 30 of the Convention deals with both general sport and disability-specific sports and stipulates that “States Parties shall take appropriate measures to encourage and promote the participation of persons with disabilities, to the fullest extent possible, in general, sporting activities at all levels.” It also calls on governments, and states parties to the Convention, to ensure that persons with disabilities have access to sports and recreational venues - as active spectators and participants. This also requires that children with disabilities be included in physical education in the school system "to the extent possible" and enjoy equal access to "play, recreation, leisure and sporting activities".

Fields of work for the Sport and Disability Exercise major: